Case study analysis - 275 Words

Case study analysis (Case Study Sample) Content: Case Analysis(Name)(Institution)Analysis Phase Goals:The analysis phase aims at improving the accounting software of William Specialty Company. The phase determines applicability of the upgraded software as a means of improving business operations of William Specialty Company. The phase will involve selection of the right software for the company, refining system and functional requirements of the software, development of process and data models for the software, and identification of risks and benefits of the software to the company. These objectives aims at ensuring that staff of William Specialty Company clearly comprehends the functionality of the proposed software upgrade, as well as the benefits that the software will add to the company. In addition, the staff will be able to improve their performance output through adoption of the software, and consequently, the performance level of the company will improve significantly.Use Case:According to Infotechnet.org (n .d), use case is used in identification, clarification, and organization of requirements of a given project. Use case depicts possible consequences of interactions that may occur between users and the proposed application in a given environment with reference to a specific goal. As such, use case depicts a possible outcome of a given project, and indicates activities that are of benefit to the users of the application. Use case represents possible scenarios and their outcomes with regard to an established goal. It is documented in manner that both technical and non-technical stakeholders of the project can comprehend the meaning of the use case. It depicts activities, which have to be done, identifies the objectives of these activities, identifies parties involved in order to accomplish the activities, identifies responses and actions, and depicts possible outcomes.The team will use use cases by first drafting the templates of the use cases....

Disease, High Blood Cholesterol And Brain Diseases

Diseases or health conditions are more so present in certain familiars than in others. Some are developed through environmental factors, lifestyle, genetics, and overall health wellness. Diseases can take different forms and occur at different stages of life. They can affect certain ages and genders. Through education and proper medical procedures most of them could be prevented and treated. The diseases that will be discussed further are: Hashimoto’s disease, high blood cholesterol, and brain diseases such as an aneurysm a stroke. Hashimoto’s disease or also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is directly correlated to the thyroid gland: meaning that it is autoimmune deficiency disease. The thyroid is apart of the endocrine system†¦show more content†¦The causes of this Hashimoto’s are still unknown; some doctors believe its origin is through the trigger of a virus or infection, while others assume that it is genetics flaws are involved. Unfortunately there are no specific preventative measures that could avoid this disease. However, knowing the symptoms ahead of time has an advantage. The sooner you recognize and catch this disease the sooner treatment can be applicable. This could be also known as primary prevention, being educated about the disease and how it can affect ones life. Cholesterol’s literal definition is â€Å"a waxy, fat-like substance that’s found in all cells of the body.† Lipoproteins are what travel throughout the blood in the body. Each are comprised of a small package that contains either low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or high-density lipoprotein (HDL). LDL is referred

Ford Pinto Fires Essay Example For Students

Ford Pinto Fires Essay Ford Pinto Fires Case Questions 1. Identify relevant facts (Trevino, Nelson, and K. A. (2007) a. 1968 Ford made the decision to battle foreign competition and produce a small car to be in the showroom by 1971 b. Shortest production planning period in automotive history c. Under normal conditions chassis design, styling, product planning, advance engineering, component testing, and so on were all either completed or nearly completed prior to tooling of the production factories. Because tooling had a fixed time frame of about 18 months; some of these other processes were done more or less concurrently. . When it was discovered through crash testing that the Pinto’s fuel tank often ruptured during rear-end impact, it was too late to do much about it in terms of redesign. e. Ford was fully aware of faulty fuel tank design. These tests were done under guidelines established by Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 301, which was proposed in 1968 by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration , but not officially adopted until the 1977 model year. f. For the Pinto’s 1971 debut, Ford decided to go with its original gas tank design despite the crash-test results. g. Limits of 2000† Pinto could not cost more than $2000 and could not weigh more than 2000 pounds. Ford felt it could not spend any money on improving the gas tank. h. During the late 1960’s and early 1970’s American consumers demonstrated little concern for safety. i. One Ford engineer, when asked about the dangerous gas tank said, â€Å"Safety isn’t the issue, trunk space is† j. Most controversial reason for not making adjustments, Ford and the auto industry convinced NHTSA regulators that cost/benefit analysis would be an appropriate bases for determining the feasibility of safety design standards. . Ford calculated the cost of adding an $11 gas tank improvement versus the benefits of the projected 180 lives that would be saved. The costs outweighed the benefits by almost three times. This analysis indicated no improvements to the gas tanks were warranted. 2. Identify the pertinent ethical issues/points of ethical conflict a. Can you put a value on a person’s life b. Is the cost of $11 to fix the problem really worth more than a person’s life c. Ford was aware of the gas tank problem and still did not fix it. 3. Identify the relevant affected parties . Pinto owners b. Ford executives who made the decision to go ahead with production c. The Engineers who were aware of the problem and kept quiet 4. Identify possible consequences of alternative courses of action a. Lives would have been saved with the $11 fix b. If more time was taken to produce the car, the Pinto would have been a safer car c. Ford would have saved money on lawsuits while profit would decrease 5. Identify relevant obligations a. At the time of production the Pinto was considered safe. b. The engineers followed the â€Å"Limits of 2000† . Identify your relevant community standards that should guide you as a person of integrity a. Confident when purchasing a car that it will be safe. b. Confident of automakers producing safe vehicles c. Communities value human life more than the $11 fix. 7. Check your gut a. Ford should have implemented the fix before allowing the cars to be sold The facts were taken from the end of chapter 4, Pinto Fires by Dennis A Gioia That is also where I got the questions from. Trevino, L. K. , Nelson, . , K. A. , . (2007). Managing business ethics.Straight talk about how to do it right, Fourth Edition. , : John Wiley Sons. .u13f78bb19498016d3c090fca0bf61874 , .u13f78bb19498016d3c090fca0bf61874 .postImageUrl , .u13f78bb19498016d3c090fca0bf61874 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u13f78bb19498016d3c090fca0bf61874 , .u13f78bb19498016d3c090fca0bf61874:hover , .u13f78bb19498016d3c090fca0bf61874:visited , .u13f78bb19498016d3c090fca0bf61874:active { border:0!important; } .u13f78bb19498016d3c090fca0bf61874 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u13f78bb19498016d3c090fca0bf61874 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u13f78bb19498016d3c090fca0bf61874:active , .u13f78bb19498016d3c090fca0bf61874:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u13f78bb19498016d3c090fca0bf61874 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u13f78bb19498016d3c090fca0bf61874 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u13f78bb19498016d3c090fca0bf61874 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u13f78bb19498016d3c090fca0bf61874 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u13f78bb19498016d3c090fca0bf61874:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u13f78bb19498016d3c090fca0bf61874 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u13f78bb19498016d3c090fca0bf61874 .u13f78bb19498016d3c090fca0bf61874-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u13f78bb19498016d3c090fca0bf61874:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: By: Chris Pobst Essay Slide show Facts 1 Short production cycles 2 Tooling being produced simultaneously as engineering 3 Ford aware of problem before production 4 Original gas tank design despite knowledge of failure Ethical issues and affected parties 1 $11 fix 2 Value on someone’s life 3 Ford with knowledge of defect 4 Consumers and engineers of Ford with knowledge of problem Obligation and standards 1 Ford provide quality automobiles 2 Human lives cannot be valued 3 Ford should have fixed problem before releasing for sale

The Duhem

Introduction Scientific proposition necessitates more than one insinuation to the situation in order to be analyzed practically. Through segregation, it may not be feasible to experiment any scientific hypothesis as stipulated by the problem raised by Duhem–Quine (Duhem-Quine thesis).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Duhem-Quine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The thesis presented by Duhem-Quine may also refer to the auxiliary hypotheses or assumptions. In essence, predictions cannot be made easily through this thesis (Curd Cover 1998, p. 10). However, a number of typical postulations in the surroundings would be a boost to obtaining predictions from the correct hypotheses. For instance, it is feasible to derive any prediction once there is perfect scientific information in the preceding hypothesis and if the actual test works as premeditated. In fact, when studying the planet, astronomic and physical theories take into account facts and proofs of the notion that the world is in a continuous motion. The malfunctioning of both the background assumptions and the hypothesis may perhaps lead to the falsification, as well as examination of the experimental scientists. According to the thesis presented by Duhem-Quine, the separation of a solitary hypothesis from the entire package of hypotheses is not achievable. Besides, researchers are faced with a single solution to the predicament. Thus, failure of the empirical tests increases the likelihood of scientists to think otherwise. Actually, researchers would think that the examined theory is wrong even if the assumptions at the background are believed to be accurate. Thus, chapter three of the Philosophy of Science basically offers simple and analytical techniques that are coherent in heightening and developing physical sciences. All these are developed in divergent sections, which include the portion that talks about the formation of a corporal principle. The other portion concentrates on the subject matter and aims of the corporal principle. Thus, the Quine-Duhem states that it is not possible to examine any scientific theory through isolation owing to an experiential examination of the hypothesis that needs more than one contextual assumption.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Main Body Basically, Duhem’s point necessarily leads to the incommensurability thesis. There are several justifications to support this claim. According to Duham-Quine’s Philosophy of Science, the indeterminacy of translation is incompatible with the rendition manuals for any language. In fact, the manuals can be arranged in a system where there is no impartially exact choice. A powerful variety of empiricisms required for affirmatively necessary or confident basis of credence through inductive verification was ruthlessly crit icized by Duham and Popper. The declaration is intrinsically covered by Martin Curd and Christopher Pincock in the Philosophy of Science. Quine stated that there are scientific theories that are irreconcilable yet they are practically correspondent. Specifically, the theory states that there is a connection between propositions that express pertinent proof and suggestions that comprise the theory. The logic behind this theory is that recurring annotations of white swans do not prevent the likelihood of the survival of black swans. In essence, the peak point in the distortion is the fundamental testing. According to Quine (1986), the testing can be carried out if two contradictory suppositions predict diverse results in some solid situations. When the condition arises through tentative management or opportune combination of intrinsic occurrences, the outcome amid the competitors may be one or another. The hypothesis raised doubts regarding the reason for distortion, hence the influen tial character of critical testing. When investigating the subject, Quine states that the results of any testing are not envisaged on the foundation of a single thesis only since supplementary theses are involved. The outcomes are often challenging and are not primarily regarded as threatened, when the thesis of concern is examined.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Duhem-Quine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nonetheless, if the results of the testing are not envisaged, it is rationally probable that the thesis under examination is correct and the inaccuracy reclines in one or more of the supplementary examinations (Gillies 1993, p. 7). The Duhem-Quine problem examines the representation and classification of experimental regulations. The objective of all impartial hypotheses is the depiction of investigational regulations. The terms â€Å"truth† and â€Å"certainty† possess a single implication with regard to such a thesis. The terms articulate concordance amid the termination of the thesis and the regulations recognized by the observer. Furthermore a rule of physics is only the synopsis of perpetuity of trials that have been conducted or shall be conducted in future (Quine 1954, p. 3). Fundamentally, Duhem’s argument regarding experimental laws essentially leads to the incommensurability theory. According to this author, a sound thesis offers an acceptable depiction of tentative laws. He stated that the conformity to the experiment is the only criteria of reality for a physical thesis. The author acknowledged four consecutive operations in the expansion of such a thesis. They include the description and gauging of physical magnitudes. In this, he identified the easiest characteristics of physical procedures and articulated the choosing of hypothesis. He also accounted for the interconnection devised in prior stages and articulated the arithmetical progression of t he thesis. This level is guided simply by the constraints of arithmetical reason devoid of physical realism. Finally, he articulated the evaluation of the thesis with experimentation. The Duhem-Quine theory is critically concerned with falsification. The philosophy offers the methodology that develops the uncertainty of repudiation. Inherently, the author states that when a physicist opposes a certain principle, he or she contributes some uncertainty to a specific hypothetical point.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this view, he hypothetically creates the justification for these doubts. From the proposal under arraignment, scientists will develop the forecasting of an investigational detail. Consequently, he or she will take into consideration circumstances under which the investigational detail should be developed. When the anticipated detail is not developed, the proposal which acted as the foundation of the estimation will be condemned. He explored the Bayesian turn in identifying the outstanding characteristics of distortion when accounting for the research program in view of various challenges. As a result, Quine observed that the Bayesian outline is not hinged on the valuation of impartial prospects in the first instance. The Bayesians begin with the likelihoods that are allocated to philosophies by experts (Lakatos 1978, p. 12). In this case, there are disagreements among different Bayesians. Basically, the disagreements concern how the likelihoods are assigned. It does not matter if biased belief is applied or is subjected to individuals’ behavior. Consequently, the author introduces the Bayes’s Theorem as formulated below. P(h!e) = P(e!h)P(h) where P(h), and P(e) 0 P(e) In this condition, he was concerned with the integrity of the theory h in comparison with experiential confirmation e. This means that the ensuing probability regarding the entirety of the evidence can be articulated. When written in the above form, the theorem states that the probability of the hypothesis’ provisional confirmation is equivalent to the prospect of the proof’s provision in the theory reproduced by the prospect of the theory in the absence of the confirmation factor. The result is then alienated by the possibility of the confirmation (Curd Cover 1998, p. 3). Conclusion The paper reviewed Duhem-Quine thesis expansion as presented by Gillies. In this paper, the fundamental modification by Quine and the traditional formulation of the postulation by Duh em have been observed. In fact, when predictions fail, the reasoning is that the concurrence of numerous hypotheses in a rational presumption disqualifies the unambiguous acknowledgment of error. Hence, it undercuts the attractive reasoning in critical research as a way of deciding amid rival theories. Duhem-Quine thesis has not blocked the development of science since neither Quine, nor Duhem predicted such a result. Interestingly, the thesis has aggravated lively discussions and the reconsideration of boundaries of common sense and the drawbacks in naive observations as offered by evidence collision. In general, Duhem never argued about the probability of conducting experiment to disprove theories. However, the scholar emphasized that the disclaimers plunged upon schemes of theories while the examination of experience was no longer instantaneous and straight. The series of circumstances transpiring from scientific decision-making rule out any simple or solitary solution to the fal sification ambiguity. There is an understandable background that is suitable to warrant safety in the experimental outcomes. Based on other instances, scientific problem is less specific. Consequently, different works will possibly offer solutions to the thesis. Duhem-Quine thesis is moreover posed in a modus that is uncooperative. Yet, the reliability on science anchors on instantaneous negations or confirmations. Duhem gives us a more convincing standpoint regarding his discharge of prompt rationality. Thus, the understanding of Duhem-Quine problem stipulates that scientists should not rush into conclusions when choosing between systems theory. References Curd, M Cover, J 1998, Philosophy of science: the central issues, Norton and Company, London. Gillies, D 1993, Philosophy of science in the twentieth century: four central themes, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford. Lakatos, I 1978, â€Å"Why did copernicus’s research programme supersede ptolemy’s?† Philosophical Papers, vol. 1 no. 3, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Quine, O 1986, Reply to Jules Vuillemin the philosophy of W. V. Quine, Library of Living Philosophers, Open Court, La Salle. This essay on The Duhem-Quine was written and submitted by user Krystal Park to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

top events of 1968 essays

top events of 1968 essays After reading through newspaper articles for the year 1968, I realized that the year was quite an eventful one. Politically, socially and economically speaking, the country endured a great deal of influential circumstances. Although the studying of vast articles from the New York Times succeeded in painting a clear, factual picture of that turbulent year, I was still eager to discover how incidents affected people growing up in that era. This fueled my motivation to begin the interviewing process, and to choose participants. In the end, I decided to interview my father, Mr. John Arthur Bartle, and a friend of my mothers, Mrs. Linda Pacelli. Although both came from completely different backgrounds, and both have differing views, their stories and descriptions were equally fascinating. Since I grew up with both my parents, I assumed that I knew a great deal about my father, John Bartle. I could not have been more wrong! I had heard stories about his being in the United States Airforce, but I never knew the governing factors surrounding them. It turns out that in 1968, my father, age twenty-two, was stationed in Spain. Apparently, he had enlisted in the Airforce because he was about to be drafted, and he claimed, There was no way in hell I was going to Vietnam. He said he had even considered running to Canada. Much to my surprise, my father revealed that he had been part of the counterculture during that time, and also vehemently opposed the war. I could not quite picture my father that way, for today he fits the description of a hard-working, clean-cut, rigid, white-collared father of three. My father was interesting to interview since he was overseas for 1968, and learned of all American events second hand. My interview with Linda Pacelli showed a sharp contrast with that of my fathers. Linda, nineteen years old at the time, was attending St. Lawrence University during the year of 1968. She...

History of Visual Effects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

History of Visual Effects - Essay Example That is the mystery and beauty of visual effects. Even though visual effects have had such a huge impact on our movie and television viewing habits, most people do not know the first thing about the history of this art form. This paper will serve as a historical look into the history of visual effects from the time of silent films, all the way to the most recent success of visual effects in The Life of Pi. The purpose of this paper is to allow people an inside look into the history of visual effects and how the pioneers had to struggle to create the art form that has almost been perfected in the 21st century thanks to computer graphic imaging. While previous generations may think that visual effects started with the Star Wars Prequel, in reality, these visual effects have a history that goes far back deeper than 1970's Hollywood. It was actually in 1856 when Oscar Rejlander became the first person to successfully use trick photography to create a single image. His special effects bre akthrough was done through the use of 30 different sections of negatives, spliced together to create one image. Then in 1985 Alfred Clarke built upon the success of Rejlander by creating the first motion picture special effect for the movie Mary, Queen of Scots. With Clarke instructing an actor to step up and block Mary's costume, an executioner was shown preparing to let his ax fall on her neck. At that point, Clarke ordered all the actors to stop moving while the actor playing Mary was taken off the set. A dummy was placed in her stead and when filming restarted, the ax severed the dummy's head. Thus, the love affair of the cinema with special effects began (â€Å"A Brief History of Movie Special Effects†). However, it was not until 1896 when the stop trick method was accidentally discovered by French magician Georges Melies. It was an effect that was created when while filming a street scene in Paris his camera jammed. Upon review, he found that the â€Å"stop trick† turned a truck into a hearse, his pedestrians walked in an alternate direction, and men somehow became women. Now being the stage manager at the local Theatre Robert - Houdin, he discovered an inspiration that led him to create more than 500 short films until 1914. He developed the now considered ancient effects techniques of multiple exposure, time lapse, dissolves, and hand painted color. His uncanny ability to create visual effects earned him the nickname â€Å"Cinemagician†. When he created his ode to Jule's Vern’s From the Earth to the Moon as Le Voyage dans la Lune (1902), he used a combination of live action, animation, and miniature with matte painting work (â€Å"The Grand Illusion: A Century of Special Effects†). Movie masters of this era concede that their special effects were highly influenced by magician stage tricks. Perspective exploitation and forced perspective were but a few of the old stage magic that worked quite well on film. The years fro m 1910 to 1920 saw the rapid growth of visual effects, particularly the Matte Shots done by Norman Dawn. While the Schuftan Process -- considered modifications of theater illusions, and still photography began to influence the craft in the 1920's and 1930's. This development led to the use of rear projection in cinemas which substituted moving pictures to create moving backgrounds. Visual effects also began to develop facial masks to help along the illusion of visual effects.

Economics for Business and Management Assignment

Economics for Business and Management - Assignment Example Market forces generally are not controlled by any external forces and depend entirely upon the buying and selling traits of the producers and consumers. Scarce goods are associated with an inelastic supply so that a slight change in demand could result to a huge change in the price of the commodity. Moreover, their break-even price is set at a high level which automatically makes adjustments at the consumer base. Usually, scarce resources are found to be the ones associated with a high amount of demand which is why it is wrongful to bar buyers from consuming the same. In many cases the consumers are found to be prepared for paying a high price for acquiring a marginal amount of the commodity. If the distribution of such commodities are rationed and controlled by some external factor, the society is unlikely of reaching the optimum level of efficiency. In fact, in order to restore efficiency in market mechanisms, it is highly essential to incorporate competition in the field. The grea ter the competition is, higher will be the propensity among sellers to deduce ways through which they might be able to distribute a particular good at reasonable rates (Buigues & Rey, 2004, p. 183). However, maintaining such a stance in case of a scarce good might turn out to be detrimental for the society in the long run if the commodity is exhaustible in nature. Hence, some amount of restriction must be present to specify the level of price floor, which automatically curtails the aggregate market demand. On the other hand, if the commodity in question is not an exhaustible one, i.e., gets replenished over time, then an unrestricted market mechanism could be regarded as the best option to instil efficiency and eventually, a good investment climate in the economy. Scarcity of a good often leads to innovation and greater productivity in order to invent substitute commodities of the said item. A successful innovation is thus, often triggered by excess demand in the market. The substit ute commodity is quite often associated with a lower price level so that even the poorer consumers are able to afford the same. Furthermore, the scarce good is deployed as little as possible which drives its supply schedule leftwards thus lowering the equilibrium market price. An effective innovation is likely to rouse demands which could be beneficial for the economy. Higher the prospects of innovation and productivity is, better are the employment prospects and thus, of output generation. Answer to Question 2 Although efficient allocation of resources could be accomplished best through the introduction of market system in the society, there are some exceptions where government intervention could turn out to be beneficial for the society as a whole. In situations where the commodity in question is a scarce good, it being exposed to market forces might lead to excessive deployment of the same. If the good is an exhaustible one like fossil fuels, the ultimate consequence could turn o ut to be quite damaging. Even if the commodity is inexhaustible in nature, too much use of the same could lead to exigent situations when the good is unavailable. In such situations, it is necessary for the government body to intervene in market